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  1. Immune System
  2. Immunology
  3. Alternative Pathway of Complement System
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Introduction
Immunology
Innate (Non-specific) Immune System
Interferons
Adaptive Immune System
Classical Pathway of Complement System
Alternative Pathway of Complement System
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC Class I and II)
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
Activation of Lymphocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells (Macrophages, Dendritic Cells and B-Cells)
Mechanism of B-Lymphocytes
Alpha Beta T-cells
Gamma Delta T-Cells
Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response
Immunization, Active Immunity and Passive Immunity
Grafting, Organ Transplants and Immunosuppression
ABO Blood Types
ABO Blood Types (Part II)
Rh Factor and Rh Incompatibility
Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity (Autoimmune Diease)
Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
HIV, AIDS and Helper T-Cells
Allergens and Allergic Reactions
Immunosurveillance and Cancer Cells
Lymphatic System

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Alternative Pathway of Complement System

Content Provider AK Lectures
Description The other pathway of the complement system is the alternative pathway. Unlike the classical pathway, the alternative pathway does not require the presence of antibody-antigen complexes to activate itself. This is because one of the major proteins of the complement system, the C3 protein, can activate itself spontaneously via a hydrolysis process. Under normal conditions (in the absence of pathogenic agents), the spontaneous breakdown of C3 into C3a and C3b is not a problem because our healthy cells contain an inhibitory protein on their membrane that can quickly bind C3b and inactivate it. However, pathogenic agents such as bacterial cells do not have this inhibitory membrane protein and so cannot deactivate it. In the presence of pathogenic agents, the C3b can quickly combine with another protein called Factor B to form a complex called C3b-Bb complex. This complex is a C3 convertase and is the major player of the alternative pathway. It can do one of two things. It either (1) combine with another C3b to form the C3b-Bb-C3b complex, which goes on to activate C5 and form the membrane attack complex or it can (2) activate more C3 molecules into C3a and C3b. The latter step is an amplification step. Once the complement system curbs the pathogenic agent, our body must be able to turn it off. It turns out that there are over ten different types of proteins that are used to deactivate the classical and alternative pathway. For instance, Factor I is a protein that deactivates C3b in the alternative pathway while the C1-inhibitor inhibits the C1 complex from being activated in the classical pathway.
Language English
Access Restriction Open
Subject Keyword Biology alternative pathway agent membrane absence breakdown things conditions deactivate player
Content Type Video
Educational Role Teacher Student
Educational Use Self Learning Lecture Reading
Resource Type Video Lecture
Education Level Under Graduate
Subject Life sciences; biology Diseases
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