### Effect of Annealing Temperature on Bi$_{3.25}$La$_{0.75}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ Powders for Humidity Sensing PropertiesEffect of Annealing Temperature on Bi$_{3.25}$La$_{0.75}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ Powders for Humidity Sensing Properties

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 Author Zhang, Yong ♦ He, Jinping ♦ Yuan, Mengjiao ♦ Jiang, Bin ♦ Li, Peiwen ♦ Tong, Yexing ♦ Zheng, Xuejun Source SpringerLink Content type Text Publisher Springer US File Format PDF Copyright Year ©2016 Language English
 Subject Keyword Bi$_{3.25}$La$_{0.75}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ powders ♦ humidity sensing properties ♦ annealing temperature ♦ complex impedance plots ♦ Optical and Electronic Materials ♦ Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ♦ Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation ♦ Solid State Physics Abstract Bi$_{3.25}$La$_{0.75}$Ti$_{3}$O$_{12}$ (BLT) powders have been synthesized via the metal–organic decomposition method with annealing of the BLT precursor solution at 350°C, 450°C, 550°C, 650°C or 750°C. The crystalline structure and morphology of the BLT powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and specific surface and pore size analyses. The humidity sensing properties of the BLT powders annealed at the five temperatures were investigated to determine the effect of annealing temperature. The annealing temperature strongly influenced the grain size, pore size distribution, and specific surface area of the BLT powders, being largely correlated to their humidity sensing properties. The specific surface area of the BLT powder annealed at 550°C was 68.2 m$^{2}$/g, much larger than for the other annealing temperatures, and the majority of the pores in the BLT powder annealed at 550°C were mesoporous, significantly increasing the adsorption efficiency of water vapor onto the surface of the material. The impedance of the BLT powder annealed at 550°C varied by more than five orders of magnitude over the whole humidity range at working frequency of 100 Hz, being approximately five times greater than for BLT powders annealed at other temperatures. The response time was about 8 s, with maximum hysteresis of around 3% relative humidity. The BLT powder annealed at 550°C exhibited the best humidity sensing properties compared with the other annealing temperatures. We expect that these results will offer useful guidelines for preparation of humidity sensing materials. ISSN 03615235 Age Range 18 to 22 years ♦ above 22 year Educational Use Research Education Level UG and PG Learning Resource Type Article Publisher Date 2016-08-18 Publisher Place New York e-ISSN 1543186X Journal Journal of Electronic Materials Volume Number 46 Issue Number 1 Page Count 9 Starting Page 377 Ending Page 385